|
The Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans. The Tule River Reservation is the name of the tribe's reservation, which is located in Tulare County, California.〔Pritzker, 137〕 The reservation was made of up Yokuts, about 200 Yowlumne, Wukchumnis,〔(Last native speaker )〕 and Western Mono and Tübatulabal people.〔(California Indians and Their Reservations. ) ''SDSU Library and Information Access.'' (retrieved 25 July 2009)〕 Tribal enrollment today is approximately 1,794 with 1,033 living on the Reservaton.〔 ==History== For thousands of years, this area was inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans in the area included the Yokuts, Mono and Tubatulabal. The area was first colonized by the Spanish and Mexicans, followed by European Americans after the US victory in the Mexican-American War in 1848. Following the Tule River Indian War of 1856, a farm attached to the Tejon Agency was established in 1858 at the base of the foothills, near the present town of Porterville. The farm was established on on the South Fork of Tule River. In 1860, Thomas Madden, an Indian service employee, gained personal title to the Tule River Farm, by using state school warrants. The federal government rented the Tule River Farm and paid Madden $1,000 per year. In 1864, the Tule River Farm became the Tule River Reservation, one of five Indian reservations authorized by Congress. When the United States defeated the Native Americans in the Owens Valley Indian War of 1863, they were removed to the reservation, whose population nearly doubled. In 1864, the population consisted of 450 Tule River Indians and 350 Owens River Indians who were relocated there from Fort Tejon.〔 The settlers around the growing town of Porterville began to demand removal of the Tule River Farm to a more distant location. Indian agents clamored to provide the Indians with a more permanent home. Some also argued the need to separate the Indians from unscrupulous individuals who entered the reservation to entice the Indians to buy cheap liquor. As a result, the Tule River Indian Reservation was relocated; in 1873 it was established by Presidential Executive Order of Ulysses S. Grant as a homeland for Tule River, Kings River, Owens River, Monache Cajon and other scattered bands of Indians. While the Tule River Indian Tribe includes Mono and Tubatulabal members, the majority of the tribe are Yokut. Traditionally, 60 Yokut tribes lived in south central California to the east of Porterville. By the end of the 19th century, their population was reduced by 75% due to warfare and high fatalities from European diseases. The surviving Yokut banded together on the Tule River Reservation, including the Yowlumne,Wukchumni bands of Yokut.〔 In 1917, some Kitanemuk people lived on the reservation, as well.〔("Kitanemuk." ) ''Four Directions Institute.'' Retrieved 28 Nov 2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|